Debugging Overload Resolution Failures

When the compiler does not select the overload you expect, it can lead to compilation errors or unexpected behavior. To debug this, you can follow these steps:

1. Check the parameter types of the overloads and the arguments you're passing. Make sure they match or that there are valid implicit conversions.
2. If you're using templates, verify that the deduced types are what you expect. You can use static_assert and typeid to print out the deduced types.
3. If there are multiple viable overloads, remember that the compiler will prefer the most specific one. An exact match is better than a match requiring conversions.
4. Check for ambiguities. If there are multiple overloads that are equally good matches, the compiler will emit an ambiguity error.
5. Use explicit casts or template arguments to guide the compiler if necessary.

For example, consider this code:

1#include <iostream>
2
3void Print(int x) {
4  std::cout << "Print(int)\n";
5}
6
7void Print(double x) {
8  std::cout << "Print(double)\n";
9}
10
11int main() {
12  Print(10);// calls Print(int)
13  Print(10.0);// calls Print(double)
14
15  // float converted to double
16  Print(10.0f); // calls Print(double)
17
18  // char promoted to int
19  Print('a');// calls Print(int)
20}

1Print(int)
2Print(double)
3Print(double)
4Print(int)

By analyzing the types of the arguments and the parameter types of the overloads, you can understand which overload will be called in each case.