Iterators

Creating Custom Iterator Types

How can I create my own custom iterator types that work with standard algorithms?

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To create your own custom iterator types that work with standard algorithms, you need to implement the necessary member functions and operators required by the iterator category you want to support.

For example, let's say you have a custom container called MyContainer and you want to create a forward iterator for it. Here's a simplified implementation:

1#include <iterator>
2
3template <typename T>
4class MyIterator {
5 public:
6  using iterator_category =
7    std::forward_iterator_tag;
8  using value_type = T;
9  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
10  using pointer = T*;
11  using reference = T&;
12
13  MyIterator(pointer ptr) : m_ptr(ptr) {}
14
15  reference operator*() const { return *m_ptr; }
16  pointer operator->() { return m_ptr; }
17  MyIterator& operator++() {
18    m_ptr++;
19    return *this;
20  }
21  MyIterator operator++(int) {
22    MyIterator tmp = *this;
23    ++(*this);
24    return tmp;
25  }
26
27  friend bool operator==(const MyIterator& a,
28    const MyIterator& b) {
29    return a.m_ptr == b.m_ptr;
30  };
31  friend bool operator!=(const MyIterator& a,
32    const MyIterator& b) {
33    return a.m_ptr != b.m_ptr;
34  };
35
36 private:
37  pointer m_ptr;
38};
39
40template <typename T>
41class MyContainer {
42 public:
43  using iterator = MyIterator<T>;
44
45  iterator begin() {
46    return iterator(&m_data[0]); }
47  iterator end() {
48    return iterator(&m_data[m_size]); }
49
50 private:
51  T m_data[100];
52  std::size_t m_size{0};
53};

In this example:

MyIterator defines the necessary type aliases (iterator_category, value_type, etc.) and implements the required operators for a forward iterator.
MyContainer provides begin() and end() member functions that return instances of MyIterator.

Now you can use MyContainer with standard algorithms:

1MyContainer<int> container;
2// Fill container with data...
3
4std::for_each(container.begin(), container.end(),
5  [](int value) { std::cout << value << ' '; }
6);

Creating custom iterators allows you to make your custom containers compatible with the rich set of algorithms provided by the standard library, enhancing their flexibility and reusability.

This Question is from the Lesson:

Iterators

This lesson provides an in-depth look at iterators in C++, covering different types like forward, bidirectional, and random access iterators, and their practical uses.

Answers to questions are automatically generated and may not have been reviewed.

7 months ago

This Question is from the Lesson:

Iterators

This lesson provides an in-depth look at iterators in C++, covering different types like forward, bidirectional, and random access iterators, and their practical uses.