string_view vs span

std::string_view and std::span are both lightweight, non-owning views over a sequence of elements, but they serve different purposes and have different use cases.

• Specifically designed for strings.
• Provides read-only access to a string or a substring.
• Works with std::string, C-style strings, and string literals.
• Does not allow modification of the underlying string.

Example:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <string_view>
3
4int main() {
5  std::string_view view{"Hello, world"};
6  std::cout << view;
7}

1Hello, world

• General-purpose view for any contiguous sequence of elements, such as arrays, vectors, or C-style arrays.
• Provides both read-only and mutable access (if not const).
• Can represent a subrange of the elements.

Example:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <span>
3
4void printSpan(std::span<int> s) {
5  for (int i : s) {
6    std::cout << i << ' ';
7  }
8}
9
10int main() {
11  int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
12  std::span<int> sp{arr};
13  printSpan(sp);
14}

11 2 3 4 5

• Specialization vs. Generalization: std::string_view is specialized for strings, while std::span is generalized for any type of sequence.
• Mutability: std::string_view is read-only, whereas std::span can be mutable or immutable depending on its type.
• Functionality: std::span provides more general functionality like iterating over elements of any type, while std::string_view includes string-specific methods like substr().

• Use std::string_view when working specifically with strings and need a read-only view.
• Use std::span when you need a view over any contiguous sequence of elements and might need to modify the elements.

Both types improve performance by avoiding unnecessary copies and providing safe access to sequences, but they cater to different needs.